[{"id":10391,"date":"2024-11-04T14:26:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T20:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=10391"},"modified":"2025-08-05T15:15:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T20:15:15","slug":"exhibits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/","title":{"rendered":"Exhibits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-slider-sc\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider fusion-aligncenter flexslider-hover-type-none fusion-slider-sc-cover\" data-slideshow_autoplay=\"1\" data-slideshow_smooth_height=\"1\" data-slideshow_speed=\"4850\" style=\"max-width:600px;height:600px;\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2001-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1920-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-scaled.jpg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-image-10387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-200x267.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-400x533.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-800x1067.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-1200x1600.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3242-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-scaled.jpg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-image-10388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-200x267.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-400x533.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-800x1067.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-1200x1600.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_1928-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-scaled.jpg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-image-10386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-200x267.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-400x533.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-800x1067.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-1200x1600.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3255-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_3274-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_4972-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5115-2-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_5152-2-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><li class=\"image\"><span class=\"fusion-image-hover-element hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-image-10381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/IMG_2016-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":47,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"side-navigation.php","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-10391","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10391\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=10391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":10205,"date":"2023-05-02T15:28:23","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T20:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=10205"},"modified":"2024-11-04T14:39:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T20:39:41","slug":"online-exhibits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/","title":{"rendered":"Online Exhibits"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8752\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1-400x239.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1-600x359.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-poster_sac-1.jpg 719w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">The Apocalyptic Regeneration<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">In commemoration of Juneteenth, the TIPHC is exploring how freedom finally came to Texas, the reactions of the formerly enslaved that day in Galveston, and, how the word was spread throughout the state to 250,000 enslaved Black Texans. <\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">The Apocalyptic Regeneration<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 18px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\"> examines what the edict meant for African Americans who moved forward, for the first time, unshackled \u2013 emotionally and physically \u2013 and free to decide their own fates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 18px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">View the exhibit<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/online-exhibits\/juneteenth-2020\/\"> here<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9260\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong style=\"font-size: 24px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">The Black Family \u2013 Identity, Endurance, Perception<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>For this online exhibit, the TIPHC is building on the 2021 National Black History Month theme, <em>The Black Family: Representation, Identity, and Diversity<\/em>. The black family has been a topic of study in many disciplines\u2014from literature and the visual arts, to anthropology and social policy. This exhibition examines depictions of \u201cthe Black family\u201d from slavery through contemporary times.<\/p>\n<p>View the exhibit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":10391,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[5935,5934,65,2829,1576,2511,5936,640,358],"class_list":["post-10205","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10205\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=10205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":10173,"date":"2023-05-02T13:46:19","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T18:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=10173"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:22:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T21:22:14","slug":"texas-celebrates","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/texas-celebrates\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Celebrates"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-widget-area fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-widget-area-1 {padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {font-size:18px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {font-size:18px;}<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\" data-id=\"avada-vertical-menu-widget-3\">#avada-vertical-menu-widget-3 > ul.menu { margin-top: -8px; }<\/style><div id=\"avada-vertical-menu-widget-3\" class=\"widget avada_vertical_menu\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><style>#fusion-vertical-menu-widget-avada-vertical-menu-widget-3-nav ul.menu li a {font-size:14px;}<\/style><nav id=\"fusion-vertical-menu-widget-avada-vertical-menu-widget-3-nav\" class=\"fusion-vertical-menu-widget fusion-menu hover left no-border\" aria-label=\"Secondary Navigation: \"><ul id=\"menu-main-menu\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3784\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-3784\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Home<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-84\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/about-us-2\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> About Us<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3740\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3740\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/staff\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Staff<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10480\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10480\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Exhibits<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-10499\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10499\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> TIPHC Gallery Exhibits<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-10487\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10487\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/biscuits-and-business\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> \u201cBiscuits and Business\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10488\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10488\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/pv-interscholastic-league\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Black High School Football \u2014 The Prairie View Interscholastic League<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10490\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10490\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/communities-of-color\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Communities of Color<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10491\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10491\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/down-that-road-again\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Down that road\u2026 Again!<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10492\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10492\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/emancipation-proclaimation\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Emancipation Proclamation<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10493\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10493\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/hallowed-grounds\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Hallowed Grounds<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10498\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10498\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/the-joy-of-japan\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Joy of Japan<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10497\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10497\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/the-history-of-black-legislators-in-texas-and-voting-rights\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The History of Black Legislators in Texas and Voting Rights<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10495\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10495\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/legal-path-to-african-american-freedom\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Legal Path to African American Freedom<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10494\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10494\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/juneteenth-2016\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Juneteenth 2016: \u201cThe Road to Emancipation\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10496\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10496\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/gallery-exhibits\/pv-presidents-and-provost\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> PV Presidents and Provost<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10481\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10481\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Online Exhibits<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-10482\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10482\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Identity, Endurance, Perception\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10483\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10483\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-identity\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Identity<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10484\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10484\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-sources\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Sources<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10485\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10485\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-perception\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Perception<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10486\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10486\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-endurance\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Endurance<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-10350\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10350\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/texas-celebrates\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Texas Celebrates<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3745\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3745\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/videos\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Videos<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-88\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-88\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/publications\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Newsletters and Journals<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3806\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3806\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/publications\/newsletter-signup\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Newsletter Signup<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-382\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-382\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Research<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3748\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3748\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/emancipation-means-migration\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Emancipation means Migration!<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3749\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3749\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/juneteenth-the-emancipation-proclamation-freedom-realized-and-delayed\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Juneteenth: \u201cThe Emancipation Proclamation \u2014 Freedom Realized and Delayed\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3750\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Afro-Mexicans: \u201cAfromestizos\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3751\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/the-african-presence-in-new-spain-c-1528-1700\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The African Presence In New Spain, c. 1528-1700<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3752\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/the-emergence-of-afro-tejano-society-during-the-spanish-colonial-period-in-texas-1528-1700\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Emergence of Afro-Tejano Society During the Spanish Colonial Period in Texas, 1528-1700<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3753\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/exploration-of-african-presence-in-meso-america-the-olmecs\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Exploration of African Presence in Meso-America: The Olmecs<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3754\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3754\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/from-bananas-to-la-bamba-cultural-ties-between-africa-and-mexico\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> From Bananas to La Bamba: Cultural Ties Between Africa and Mexico<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3755\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3755\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/gaspar-yanga\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Gaspar Yanga<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/thor-heyerdahl-the-ra-expeditions-1969-70\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Thor Heyerdahl: The RA Expeditions (1969-70)<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Diaspora: Coming to Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/the-transatlantic-slave-trade-and-origins-of-the-african-diaspora-in-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Origins of the African Diaspora in Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/origins-of-slavery-in-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Origins of Slavery in Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/great-britain-and-the-transatlantic-slave-trade-the-royal-african-company\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Great Britain and the Transatlantic Slave Trade:  The Royal African Company<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/elmina-castle\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Elmina Castle<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/esteban\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Esteban<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3763\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3763\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/courage-and-determination\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> \u201cCourage and Determination\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3764\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3764\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The 1917 Houston Riots\/Camp Logan Mutiny<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3765\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/angela-holder-a-personal-reflection-on-the-houston-riots\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Angela Holder: A Personal reflection on the Houston Riots<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3766\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/houston-riots-timeline-history-of-african-american-servicemen\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Houston Riots Timeline: History of African-American Servicemen<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3767\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3767\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/the-crisis-report\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Crisis Report<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3768\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3768\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/buffalo-soldiers-history-video\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Buffalo Soldiers History (Video)<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3769\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3769\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/wyatt-research\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Wyatt Chapel Cemetery Research<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3883\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3883\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/texas-black-history-calendar\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Texas Black History Calendar<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-3841\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3841\"><a 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solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px\"><div class=\"heading\"><h4 class=\"widget-title\">Accordions<\/h4><\/div><div id=\"accordions-\" class=\"accordions- accordions\" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:false,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}>\r\n                <div class=\"items\" >\r\n    <p>Content missing<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-additional-widget-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:25% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 7.68%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 7.68%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal);letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing)\"><b style=\"font-size: 20px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9676 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"369\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/juneteenth-bill-signing.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 30px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">June 17, 2021<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The TIPHC is celebrating Juneteenth becoming a national holiday with a virtual exhibit that looks at how this holiday\u2019s celebration has evolved since 1866. This online exhibition also provides insight for those who are curious about what this new federal holiday is all about. The exhibit looks at the earliest celebrations and how they have changed, or not. We are exploring festive community gatherings through the years and how this phenomenon expanded as a result of the Great Migration as well as the international festivities occurring at this time. Milwaukee boasts of having the largest Juneteenth celebration in the country, hosting as many as 70,000 celebrants who \u201cfeel a kinship to Galveston.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/celebrating-juneteenth-a-kinship-with-galveston\/\">here<\/a> to learn more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9514 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Founders-Day-Flyer.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 30px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\"><b style=\"line-height: 30px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">March 24, 2023 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This year&#8217;s PVAMU Founders Day and Honors Recognition Convocation is proudly hosted by the School of Architecture with the theme, &#8220;Designing Our Tomorrow Today, Building on Our Legacy.&#8221; Click here to view our online exhibit\/presentation for the event as we look at the university&#8217;s history, profile all sixteen PVAMU presidents including our current leader Ruth Simmons, and look at the School of Architecture, led by Dean Ikhlas Sabouni. The SOA is the top producer of African American Architects in the country.<\/p>\n<p>Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/texas-celebrates\/founders-day-and-honors-recognition-convocation-2021\/\">here<\/a> to learn more.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p style=\"font-size: 24px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\"><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9260 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/african-folklore.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 30px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">February 1, 2021<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>For this exhibit, the TIPHC builds on the 2021 national Black History Month theme, The Black Family: Representation, Identity, and Diversity: \u201cThe black family has been a topic of study in many disciplines\u2014history, literature, the visual arts, and film studies, sociology, anthropology, and social policy. Its representation, identity, and diversity have been reverenced, stereotyped, and vilified from the days of slavery to our own time\u2026the family offers a rich tapestry of images for exploring the African American past and present.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Far from an exhaustive study of this complex topic, we offer through historic and contemporary photos and images, examples of how black families were defined in Western Africa before their forced removal in chains to North American colonies in the 1600s, how family structures and traditions were broken yet survived enslavement and how the media \u2013 TV, movies, magazines, etc. \u2013 have both advanced and distorted the perceptions of black families, bolstering racist stereotypes but also displaying families\u2019 loving kinship, togetherness, success, and support.<\/p>\n<p>Click<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-identity\/\"> here<\/a> to view the exhibit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.56%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-4{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":44,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[64,217,65,6026,1552,1576,2775,2511,1780,353,1653,640],"class_list":["post-10173","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10173"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10173\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=10173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9573,"date":"2021-06-24T05:02:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-24T10:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9573"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:22:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T21:22:08","slug":"celebrating-juneteenth-a-kinship-with-galveston","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/celebrating-juneteenth-a-kinship-with-galveston\/","title":{"rendered":"Celebrating Juneteenth: &#8220;A Kinship with Galveston&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-9573\" class=\"panel-layout\">\n<div id=\"pg-9573-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\">\n<div id=\"pgc-9573-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\" data-weight=\"1\">\n<div id=\"panel-9573-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9575 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-200x141.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-400x282.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-600x424.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-800x565.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-1024x723.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2-1200x847.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-2.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\u201c\u2026my daddy told me that they whooped and hollered and bored holes in trees with augers and stopped it up with [gun]powder and light and that would be their blast for the celebration.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8212; Freedman descendant<\/p>\n<p>The reverberation in Galveston, on June 19, 1865, was immediate following Union Gen. Gordon Granger&#8217;s announcement from The Strand that Texas slaves were free. Nearby Black dockworkers were among the first to learn the news of emancipation and their jubilant displays set the tone for celebrations that would quickly spread around the city&#8230;and soon the state&#8230;and now, 165 years later, around the world.<\/p>\n<p>As described by Galveston genealogist Sharon Gillins: &#8220;The announcement of freedom brought the eruption of spontaneous celebrations by freedmen and their supporters throughout the city, from the docks to the Public Square, in churches, on street corners and in homes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>No Juneteenth celebration will ever match the initial jubilation of enslaved Texans when they got the news in 1865 about their emancipation and ventured off into a great unknown &#8212; freedom. One year later, the first Juneteenth celebrations were held from Galveston throughout East Texas, where most freedmen settled after emancipation, gathering in rural communities and burgeoning Freedom Colonies to rejoice with parades, dances, church services, hallelujahs, community feasts, and tears.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;re celebrating Juneteenth becoming a national holiday &#8212; as of June 18 (last Thursday) &#8212; with this virtual exhibit that looks at how celebrations for the day have evolved through the years, from 1866, and also give a bit of insight to those scrambling to find out what the newest federal holiday is all about. The exhibit looks at where and how those first celebrations were held and how they changed, or not &#8212; festive community gatherings, picnics, reflection, parades, etc. &#8212; through the years and expanded across the nation because of the Great Migration, then to the international festivities we see today. For example, Milwaukee boasts of having the largest Juneteenth celebration in the country, hosting as many as 70,000 celebrants who &#8220;feel a kinship to Galveston.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9577 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Dock-Workers.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9578 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Texas-1.jpg 1637w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9581 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"263\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-200x125.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-400x250.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-600x375.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-700x441.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-800x500.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico-1200x750.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-Mexico.jpg 1385w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9580 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9579 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteenth-food-1.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9614 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-200x132.png 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-400x264.png 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-600x396.png 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-768x506.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-800x527.png 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217-1024x675.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Juneteeth-drinks-e1624409036217.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9608&amp;preview=true\">CLICK HERE TO ENTER EXHIBIT<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-5{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":46,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[1261,6015,6026,6029,378,1306,1576,1578,471,1575,1780,6024,5940,99],"class_list":["post-9573","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9573\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9366,"date":"2021-03-24T00:03:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T05:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9366"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:23:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T21:23:19","slug":"pvamu-school-of-architecture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/pvamu-school-of-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"PVAMU School of Architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div 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href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Identity, Endurance, Perception\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10483\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-identity\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Identity<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10484\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-sources\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Black Family \u2013 Sources<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type 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href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/videos\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Videos<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-88\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/publications\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Newsletters and Journals<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3806\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/publications\/newsletter-signup\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Newsletter Signup<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-382\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Research<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3748\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/emancipation-means-migration\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Emancipation means Migration!<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3749\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/juneteenth-the-emancipation-proclamation-freedom-realized-and-delayed\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Juneteenth: \u201cThe Emancipation Proclamation \u2014 Freedom Realized and Delayed\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Afro-Mexicans: \u201cAfromestizos\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/the-african-presence-in-new-spain-c-1528-1700\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The African Presence In New Spain, c. 1528-1700<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/the-emergence-of-afro-tejano-society-during-the-spanish-colonial-period-in-texas-1528-1700\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Emergence of Afro-Tejano Society During the Spanish Colonial Period in Texas, 1528-1700<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/exploration-of-african-presence-in-meso-america-the-olmecs\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Exploration of African Presence in Meso-America: The Olmecs<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3754\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/from-bananas-to-la-bamba-cultural-ties-between-africa-and-mexico\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> From Bananas to La Bamba: Cultural Ties Between Africa and Mexico<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3755\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/gaspar-yanga\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Gaspar Yanga<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/afro-mexicans-the-history-the-culture-the-presence\/afro-mexicans-afromestizos\/thor-heyerdahl-the-ra-expeditions-1969-70\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Thor Heyerdahl: The RA Expeditions (1969-70)<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Diaspora: Coming to Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/the-transatlantic-slave-trade-and-origins-of-the-african-diaspora-in-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Origins of the African Diaspora in Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/origins-of-slavery-in-texas\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Origins of Slavery in Texas<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/great-britain-and-the-transatlantic-slave-trade-the-royal-african-company\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Great Britain and the Transatlantic Slave Trade:  The Royal African Company<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/elmina-castle\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Elmina Castle<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-diaspora-coming-to-texas\/esteban\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Esteban<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3763\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/courage-and-determination\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> \u201cCourage and Determination\u201d<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3764\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The 1917 Houston Riots\/Camp Logan Mutiny<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/angela-holder-a-personal-reflection-on-the-houston-riots\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Angela Holder: A Personal reflection on the Houston Riots<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/houston-riots-timeline-history-of-african-american-servicemen\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Houston Riots Timeline: History of African-American Servicemen<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3767\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/the-crisis-report\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Crisis Report<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3768\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/the-1917-houston-riotscamp-logan-mutiny\/buffalo-soldiers-history-video\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Buffalo Soldiers History (Video)<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3769\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/research-projects\/wyatt-research\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Wyatt Chapel Cemetery Research<\/span><span 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       <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_watermark_container_0\">          <div>              <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_spun_0\">                <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_text_0 bwg-hidden\">                                  <\/div>              <\/span>          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>        <\/div>            <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 #spider_popup_overlay_0 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_0\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_0\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_0\" value=\"1655102004\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p>Prairie View A&amp;M University\u2019s School of Architecture program prepares graduates for leadership roles in transforming America\u2019s cities and improving the quality of life through sustainable solutions that enhance the built environment. With an educational focus, students are challenged to develop their abilities in problem solving, creative thinking and decision making. This is achieved in a student-centered environment that fosters personal development and professional excellence.<\/p>\n<p>The School of Architecture is housed in the Nathelyne Archie-Kennedy Building. Selected to design the building from five nationally recognized architects who participated in the competition Michael Rotondi of Roto Architects created this most unique facility. HKS of Dallas served as the Architect of Record. The design began in 2002, with ground breaking held in August 2003, and the School of Architecture moved into the 105,000 sq. ft. building in August 2005.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3723\" style=\"width: 274px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3723\" class=\"wp-image-3723\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ikhlas Sabouni\" width=\"264\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/ikhlas-sabouni.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3723\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Dr. lkhlas Sabouni, Dean, SOA<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Dr. Ikhlas Sabouni received a Master&#8217;s and a Doctorate of Architecture from Rice University in Houston, Texas. At Rice, she won the William Dunlap Darden Award in Architecture for her outstanding doctoral dissertation. Dr. Sabouni is a Dean and Distinguished Professor at the School of Architecture at Prairie View A&amp;M University (PVAMU). She also served as a Special Assistant to the President at PVAMU for 6 years. Dr. Sabouni led the Architecture Program through several successful reaccreditations visits. Most importantly, she transformed a very small unaccredited Department of Architecture into a well-recognized autonomous School of Architecture. Under her leadership, the School of Architecture has been recognized by Diverse Issue of Higher Education as number one in the nation in producing the largest number of African American undergraduates and graduates in Architecture and related fields.<\/p>\n<p>She has been awarded several teaching honors: Texas Society of Architects (TSA) Edward J. Romieniec, FAIA Award, American Institute of Architecture (AIA) Houston Chapter Educator Award, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) Distinguished Professor Award, PVAMU Distinguished Professor, Texas A&amp;M University System Regents\u2019 Professor, and College of Engineering and Architecture Faculty of the Year three times.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Sabouni received several service awards from TSA, AIA, and ACSA and she served on several national, regional, and local boards including AIAS, ACSA, TSA, Texas Architecture Foundation, Texas Sustainability Consortium, HBCU Universal Design, HBCU Architecture Schools Consortium, and Tau Sigma Delta (TSD) Honor Society. She also served as Secretary, Vice-Chancellor, and Chancellor of the ACSA College of Distinguished Professors. She is currently serving on the AIAS and TSD Boards and ACSA Leadership Committee. Dr. Sabouni served on the AIA Equity in Architecture Commission and on several equity and diversity panel discussions. She has also chaired several National Architecture Accrediting Board visiting teams nationally and internationally.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Nathelyne Archie Kennedy, distinguished alumna<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_9393\" style=\"width: 276px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9393\" class=\"wp-image-9393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Archie-Kennedy.jpg\" alt=\"Nathelyne Archie Kennedy \" width=\"266\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Archie-Kennedy-200x267.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/Archie-Kennedy.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9393\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nathelyne Archie Kennedy<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Nathelyne Archie Kennedy, a professional engineer, received her Bachelor of Science degree in Architectural Engineering in 1959 from Prairie View A&amp;M University. Following college graduation, Ms. Kennedy worked as a Bridge Design Engineer with an engineering firm in Chicago, Illinois, and later with an engineering firm in Houston, Texas. In 1979 she became a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.<\/p>\n<p>In 1981, Nathelyne Archie Kennedy started her own business venture in Houston, Texas. She is Founder and President of Nathelyne A. Kennedy &amp;Associates, a professional civil consulting engineering firm located in Houston, Texas. The Kennedy organization employs engineers, technicians, construction managers, inspectors, administrative, and managerial personnel specializing in civil engineering of highways, streets, bridges, public transit and parking facilities, water and wastewater systems, aviation facilities, marine terminals, sports complexes, and various other types of specialized projects.<\/p>\n<p>Ms. Kennedy\u2019s professional engineering career spans 50 years of progressive experience as a design engineer, project engineer, project manager, and as the principal-in-charge of civil engineering projects performed for a broad spectrum of government, municipal, and regulatory agencies, as well as for private industry clients.<\/p>\n<p>The first female engineering graduate from Prairie View A&amp;M University and the first African American female professional engineer registered by the State of Texas, Ms. Kennedy has been recognized numerous times by her alma mater and its alumni association. In 2006, the new Architecture and History &amp; Culture facility on the Prairie View A&amp;M University campus was named the \u201cNathelyne Archie Kennedy Building\u201d in her honor.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body 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View Principals and Presidents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-200x143.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-400x286.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-600x429.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-800x571.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-1200x857.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/pv-past-presidents-1536x1097.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Click the image below to begin a presentation about the principals and presidents.<\/em><br \/>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-1\">  #bwg_container1_1 {    display: table;\t\/*visibility: hidden;*\/  }  #bwg_container1_1 * {\t  -moz-user-select: none;\t  -khtml-user-select: none;\t  -webkit-user-select: none;\t  -ms-user-select: none;\t  user-select: none;  }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_image_wrap_1 {\t  background-color: #000000;\t  width: 800px;\t  height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_image_1 {\t  max-width: 800px;\t  max-height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_embed_1 {    width: 800px;    height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_1 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}  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_watermark_text_1,  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_watermark_text_1:hover {\t  text-decoration: none;\t  margin: 4px;\t  position: relative;\t  z-index: 15;  }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_title_text_1 {\t  font-size: 16px;\t  font-family: segoe ui;\t  color: #FFFFFF !important;\t  opacity: 0.70;    border-radius: 5px;\t  background-color: #000000;\t  padding: 0 0 0 0;\t  \t\twidth: 100%;\t  \t    }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_description_text_1 {\t  font-size: 14px;\t  font-family: segoe ui;\t  color: #FFFFFF !important;\t  opacity: 0.70;    border-radius: 0;\t  background-color: #000000;\t  padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px;\t    }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_description_text_1 * {\ttext-decoration: none;\tcolor: #FFFFFF !important;  }  #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg_slideshow_dots_1 {\t  width: 12px;\t  height: 12px;\t  border-radius: 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class=\"bwg_slideshow_dots_1 bwg_slideshow_dots_deactive_1\" onclick=\"bwg_change_image(parseInt(jQuery('#bwg_current_image_key_1').val()), '12', '', '', 1)\" image_id=\"177\" image_key=\"12\"><\/span>                        <span id=\"bwg_dots_13_1\" class=\"bwg_slideshow_dots_1 bwg_slideshow_dots_deactive_1\" onclick=\"bwg_change_image(parseInt(jQuery('#bwg_current_image_key_1').val()), '13', '', '', 1)\" image_id=\"178\" image_key=\"13\"><\/span>                    <\/div>      <\/div>          <div id=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_1\"         class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_1\"         data-params='{&quot;bwg_source&quot;:&quot;slider&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_key&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bwg_transition_duration&quot;:1000,&quot;bwg_trans_in_progress&quot;:false,&quot;data&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;165&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;L. W. Minor, Principal, 1878&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;At the school&amp;#039;s inception, the Texas A&amp;amp;M College Board of Directors were authorized to appoint a &amp;quot;principal teacher&amp;quot; to administer the college under the direction of the Texas A&amp;amp;M president, Thomas S. Gathright, who hired fellow Mississippian L. W. Minor as the first principal. Gathright said of Minor: &amp;quot;a colored man, whom I know well,&amp;quot; On March 11, 1878, eight young men \\u2013 the first of their race to enroll in a state-supported college in Texas \\u2013 enrolled in the short-lived Alta Vista Agricultural College at a tuition of $130 for nine months of instruction, board, and one uniform. Minor only served for one year. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu; &amp;quot;Prairie View, A Study in Public Conscience, 1878-1946,&amp;quot; by George Ruble Woolfolk.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;L.W.-Minor&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:11:05&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;251&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;313&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;251&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;313&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;166&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;E.H. Anderson, Principal, 1879 \\u2013 1884 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;A native of Memphis, Tenn., Anderson was a graduate of Fisk University and trained for the Methodist ministry. During his tenure, Prairie View experienced severe financial hardships as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Texas Legislatures debated the constitutionality and funding of the school. With 60 students, the school was overcrowded and did not have a fixed course of study, but toward the end of Anderson&amp;#039;s tenure he was optimistic at the support of the black communities around the state. The A&amp;amp;M College Board of Directors, meeting in Hempstead on August 28, 1879, authorized the teaching of 13 subjects on the elementary and secondary levels.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu; &amp;quot;Prairie View, A Study in Public Conscience, 1878-1946,&amp;quot; by George Ruble Woolfolk.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EH-Anderson2&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EH-Anderson2.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EH-Anderson2.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:16:30&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;167&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Laurine Cecil &amp;quot;L.C.&amp;quot; Anderson, Principal, 1884 \\u2013 1894 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Principal Anderson (1853\\u20131938), like his brother E.H., was born in Memphis, Tenn., attended Fisk, and also trained for the Methodist ministry. He taught at Tuskegee with Booker T. Washington before moving to Texas in 1879 to assist his brother at Prairie View Normal Institute. In 1882, L. C. Anderson lobbied for university status for the school. Upon his brother&amp;#039;s death on October 9, 1885, Anderson succeeded him as principal. During his tenure, Anderson managed a budget of $39,000 and a staff of 11 instructors in what was essentially a normal school program. The grey stone administration building was erected in 1890, and Prairie View became embroiled in an intense and sometimes bitter legislative and political debate over the status and future of the college. The Twentieth Texas Legislature agreed to the attachment of an Agricultural and Mechanical Department to the normal School, and the Hatch Act brought the college a branch of the Experiment Station. Other facilities erected included an academic hall, six cottages for teachers, a brick mechanics shop, and artesian wells. Anderson also helped form and was elected the first president of the Colored Teachers State Association.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Source: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;anderson-laurine-c&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/anderson-laurine-c.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/anderson-laurine-c.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:17:53&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;385&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;560&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;275&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;168&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Edward Lavoisier Blackshear, Principal, 1897 \\u2013 1915 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;   &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;A native of Montgomery, Ala., Blackshear (1862\\u20131919) was the son of slaves, Adlene Pollard and Abram Vandiver. Because his mother was a maid in the main house, he learned to read and write along with the White children of the Pollard family. He attended the first public school for African-American children in Montgomery and the Swayne School and Academy. In 1881, he graduated from Tabor College in Iowa. In 1897, Blackshear was elected principal of the college, and he served until 1915. During his tenure, the curriculum and the physical plant grew significantly. In 1889, the Twenty-sixth Legislature changed the name of the school to Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College, and the new name reflected the expansion of the curriculum. The Twenty-seventh Legislature, in 1901, authorized the school to offer a four-year course of study that included the Academy and Normal School in four Divisions: education, agriculture, home economics and mechanical arts. A diploma and bachelor of science degree were given upon completion of any curriculum. The first three degrees were granted in 1903. New additions to the physical plant during this period included two dormitories for men, Foster Hall and Luckie Hall (1909), Crawford Hall for women (1912), and a combination auditorium\\\/dining hall (1911). Gregorytown School in Austin was renamed Blackshear School in his honor in 1936. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;blackshear-edward-l&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/blackshear-edward-l.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/blackshear-edward-l.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:18:53&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;350&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;476&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;294&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;169&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Isaiah Milligan &amp;quot;I.M.&amp;quot; Terrell, Principal, 1915\\u20131918 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;I.M. Terrell (1859\\u20131931), was born near the city of Anderson, in Grimes County, Texas. Terrell was the son of Alexander, a blacksmith, and Nancy (O&amp;#039;Neil) Terrell. He received a private education taught by two missionaries, then graduated from Straight University in New Orleans in 1881 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and later a M.A. Terrell was PV principal during the war years of 1915-1918. During his administration, an agricultural extension service was begun. Plans were implemented for the initiation of college studies leading to the Bachelor degree; vocational education under the Smith Hughes plan was approved for Blacks in the state, and Prairie View was selected as the teacher training institution. Terrell&amp;#039;s period of administration was marked by improvements in both physical development and in programs and services. He converted Foster, Luckie, and Crawford halls into administrative, instructional, and power units. The Household Arts Building and Power and Ice Plant, and the Laundry were erected in 1918. He was an advocate for education. The I. M. Terrell High School in Fort Worth, buildings at Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, and the Houston Negro Hospital (Riverside General Hospital) all stand as monuments of his efforts and achievements.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;IMTerrell-portrait&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/IMTerrell-portrait.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/IMTerrell-portrait.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:51:44&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;207&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;207&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;179&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;J. G. Osborne, Principal, 1918\\u20131925&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The sixth principal of Prairie View was physician J.G. Osborne (1873-1940), a native of Washington County, Texas. During his tenure, the nursing division was established in 1918, and six buildings were added to the campus in 1924 and 1925: a veterinary hospital, science building, college exchange, elementary training school, home economics practice cottage, and music conservatory. The four-year senior college program was begun in 1919 and included training in vocational home economics, vocational agriculture, liberal arts, and mechanical arts. In 1923, Osborne was named the first director for the Prairie View Interscholastic League, the organization that governed academic, athletic, and music competitions for Black high schools in Texas.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: pvamu.edu, pvilca.org&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;J.G.-Osborne-1&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/J.G.-Osborne-1.jpg?bwg=1616472612&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/J.G.-Osborne-1.jpg?bwg=1616472612&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:09:41&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;351&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;434&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;324&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;171&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;W.R. Banks, Principal, 1926-1947 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Willette Rutherford &amp;quot;W.R.&amp;quot; Banks (1881\\u20131969) was a native of Hartwell, Ga., and the second of thirteen children of J. M. and Laura Banks. W.R. Banks was a 1909 graduate of Atlanta University, where he met the two most abiding influences on his life\\u2013W. E. B. DuBois, his role model, and Glovina Virginia Perry, his wife and cultural mentor. Banks became the principal in 1926 and served until his retirement in August of 1947, when he was named principal emeritus. During this period, the physical plant doubled in size with the addition of a dining hall, a hospital, three apartment buildings for male teachers, three dormitories for women, a greenhouse, an incubator house, a classroom building, an NYA resident center, a library, and more than 60 cottages for faculty families. The Senior Academy was discontinued in 1930 and the division of Education was renamed the College of Arts and Sciences with major department in teacher-training. The Division of Graduate Study was organized in 1937, offering Master of Science degrees in agricultural economics, rural education, agricultural education, school administration and supervision, and rural sociology.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;WR-Banks&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/WR-Banks.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/WR-Banks.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:53:28&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;131&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;197&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;131&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;197&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;172&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;E.B. Evans, Principal,1947\\u20131948; President 1948\\u20131966&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Kansas City born Dr. Edward Bertram Evans became the eighth principal on September 1, 1947. That same year, the Fiftieth Texas Legislature changed the name of the institution to Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The title of principal of the college was changed to Dean by the Board of Directors effective during the 1947-48 school year. However, on September 1, 1948, the title was changed to President, and on December 3, 1948, Evans, the eighth Principal, was inaugurated as the first President of Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The divisions of the college became schools, and the Directors of the respective schools became Deans.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;New dormitories opened in 1950, 1952, and 1955 among several other new structures, including the Memorial Student Center and Harrington Science Building in 1960 and 1961, respectively, followed by the health and physical education building in 1964 and two air-conditioned dormitories in 1965. Prairie View A&amp;amp;M was accepted for membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in December of 1958 and later received full accreditation by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EB-Evans&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EB-Evans.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EB-Evans.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:54:09&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;321&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;321&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;173&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dr. J.M. Drew, President,1966&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Following the retirement of Dr. E.B. Evans as President Emeritus in 1966, Dr. J.M. Drew was appointed to the position. Dr. Drew became ill shortly after taking office and was replaced by Dr. Evans who served briefly as acting president.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Jesse-M-Drew&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Jesse-M-Drew.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Jesse-M-Drew.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:55:45&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;347&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;430&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;323&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;174&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dr. Alvin I. Thomas, President, 1966\\u20131982&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;A New Orleans native, Dr. Alvin I. Thomas (1925-2013) was the third president of Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College in November 1966, introduced the residential college concept. As Prairie View A&amp;amp;M\\u2019s centennial approached, President Thomas requested a Centennial Planning Council to formulate a new master plan. The result was &amp;quot;A Developmental Plan, 1970-80, Prairie View A&amp;amp;M College of Texas,&amp;quot; an outgrowth of which the school&amp;#039;s name change to Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, and its status as an independent unit of the Texas A&amp;amp;M University System was reconfirmed. The System Board of Regents, in the fall of 1970, sold in excess of $13 million in bonds for the construction of two new residence halls and a dining facility. The residence halls, accommodating 1,500 students, were opened for occupancy in August of 1972. The dining facility, now known as Alumni Hall, was opened in the second semester of the 1972-73 academic year. Other major construction completed during the following decade included the fire and security building, Farrell Hall Laundry, Burleson-Ware ROTC Building, Hobart Taylor Hall, the engineering building, and the Owens-Franklin Health Center. In 1980-81, the state of Texas purchased and renovated a building in the Texas Medical Center complex to be used as clinical nursing center for the College of Nursing. In 1981-82, broadcasting began from newly constructed facilities of FCC-approved KPVU-FM at Prairie View, an instructional laboratory of the Department of Communications. The physical plant, valued at approximately $12 million in 1966, was valued at more than $50 million at this time.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;A.I.-Thomas&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/A.I.-Thomas.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/A.I.-Thomas.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:56:18&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;283&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;283&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;175&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Percy A. Pierre, President, 1983\\u20131989 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;On January 27, 1983, Dr. Percy Anthony Pierre (1939- ), of Welcome, La., was appointed the fourth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. Pierre, an electrical engineer, is recognized as the first African-American Ph.D. in electrical engineering, the first African-American appointed assistant secretary of the U.S. Army for Research and Development, and the first African-American appointed acting Secretary of the Army. For his PV tenure, two new public policy imperatives were extant: The Texas A&amp;amp;M University System\\u2019s commitment to academic excellence, and the state\\u2019s commitment to the enhancement of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University to spur greater integration. These two imperatives resulted in the Target 2000 Report published in May of 1983 and the Texas Plan published in August of 1983. They outlined short-term and long-term courses of development that have and will significantly change Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. The goals outlined were given credibility in November of 1984 by an amendment to the State Constitution that names Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University as an \\u201cinstitution of the first class\\u201d and gives it an equitable share of the proceeds of the Permanent University Fund. For the first time in the 106-year history of the university, the state of Texas agreed to fund Prairie View on the same basis as Texas A&amp;amp;M and the University of Texas. New educational directions were taken in the pursuit of academic excellence through the establishment of the new Roy G. Perry College of Engineering Technology and the Benjamin Banneker Honors College. Among new buildings constructed were the five story John B. Coleman Library, the Agricultural Research Building, the Chemical Engineering Laboratory Building, the Education and Classroom Building, the Engineering Technology Building, the Johnson-Phillip All Faiths Chapel, the Central Receiving and Warehouse buildings, the new Gymnasium, and the Intramural Athletic Complex. Since 1983, PVAMU\\u2019s enrollment increased more than 25 percent, and the university\\u2019s endowment increased from $300,000 to over $3 million.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Percy-Pierre&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Percy-Pierre.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Percy-Pierre.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:57:09&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;300&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;423&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;284&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;176&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Julius Wesley Becton, Jr., President, 1989\\u20131994&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;On December 15, 1989, Julius W. Becton, Jr., LTG. (Ret.) was appointed the fifth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, his alma mater (1960). With nearly 40 years of active commissioned service in the U.S. Army, President Becton was the first graduate of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University to attain star rank in the military. In the first year of his administration, President Becton took steps to improve fiscal operations. In addition, he oversaw the reaffirmation team visit by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and the College of Nursing received a full eight-year accreditation from the National League of Nursing. On August 31, 1994 General Becton\\u2019s retired as President with the distinction of Honorary Doctorate approved by the Board of Regents, Texas A&amp;amp;M University System, became effective. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled.jpg?bwg=1616473530&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled.jpg?bwg=1616473530&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:01:19&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1291&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;353&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;177&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Charles A. Hines, President, 1994\\u20132002&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Dr. Charles Alfonso Hines (1935-2013) was appointed sixth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University in October, 1994, and served the University until 2002. A native of Washington D.C.. he earned a bachelor\\u2019s degree from Howard University. Upon graduation, he entered the Unites States Army, where he served for more than 38 years, retiring with the rank of Major General. During his military career, Hines held many significant command and staff assignments. Additionally, he has earned two master\\u2019s degrees and a PhD from John Hopkins University and completed four executive programs at Harvard University, University of Maryland and University of Texas at Austin. Devoting much of his life to equal opportunity, education and training, advancement of rights for women, race relations and youth, President George W. Bush selected Hines to serve on the HBCU Advisory Committee. He also serves on the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&amp;amp;M University. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Dr-Hines&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Dr-Hines.jpg?bwg=1616473570&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Dr-Hines.jpg?bwg=1616473570&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:03:24&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;720&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;280&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;415.5&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;277&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;178&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;George C. Wright, President, 2003\\u20132017 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Lexington, Ky., native Dr. George C. Wright was the seventh President of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. Wright received his history degrees from UK in 1972, his master\\u2019s degree in 1974, and then his doctorate in history from Duke University in 1977. During President Wright\\u2019s tenure, Prairie View A&amp;amp;M\\u2019s enrollment grew from 6,500 to 9,000 while the university advanced academically, creating doctorates in education, engineering, nursing practice and juvenile justice. Both the Confucius Institute and the Honors College were also established under President Wright\\u2019s leadership. The school also enjoyed a construction boom with the opening of: a new School of Architecture building; the Don K. Clark Building, home of the College of Juvenile Justice, Psychology and Texas Crime Prevention Center; the Electrical Engineering building; the College of Nursing\\u2019s 12-story facility located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston; and new football stadium.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;(http:\\\/\\\/sacs.pvamu.edu\\\/assets\\\/library\\\/Wright%20Bio.pdf)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;George-Wright&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/George-Wright.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/George-Wright.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:04:44&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1232&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1745&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;282&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;}],&quot;width_or_height&quot;:&quot;width&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_thumb_margin_hor&quot;:2,&quot;left_or_top&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;outerWidth_or_outerHeight&quot;:&quot;outerWidth&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_shuffle&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox_filmstrip_thumb_border_width&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;thumb_click_action&quot;:&quot;open_lightbox&quot;,&quot;thumb_link_target&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;upload_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.pvamu.edu\\\/tiphc\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/107\\\/photo-gallery&quot;,&quot;preload_images&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slideshow_effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;event_stack&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;preload_images_count&quot;:2,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;180&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_direction&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_type&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_thumbnails_count&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_width&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_height&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_rl_btn_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_play_pause_btn_size&quot;:&quot;60&quot;,&quot;watermark_type&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_font_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_title_font_size&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;slideshow_description_font_size&quot;:&quot;14&quot;,&quot;bwg_playInterval&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;slideshow_interval&quot;:5,&quot;image_right_click&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_autoplay&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_music&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_filmstrip_pos&quot;:0}'         data-filmstrip-position=\"top\"         data-filmstrip-size=\"0\">      <div class=\"bwg_slide_container_1\">        <div class=\"bwg_slide_bg_1\">          <div class=\"bwg_slider_1\">                            <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun_1\" id=\"image_id_1_165\">                    <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun1_1\">                      <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun2_1\">                                                  <a  class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564\" data-image-id=\"165\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                          <img decoding=\"async\" id=\"bwg_slideshow_image_1\"                               class=\"skip-lazy bwg_slide bwg_slideshow_image_1 \"                               src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564\"                               data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564\"                               image_id=\"165\"                               alt=\"L. W. Minor, Principal, 1878\" \/>                          <\/a>                                                <\/span>                    <\/span>                  <\/span>                <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_second_spun_1\">                  <\/span>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_current_image_key_1\" value=\"0\" \/>                          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>          <\/div>          <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_1 bwg_slideshow_image_container\" data-params=\"{&quot;bwg_source&quot;:&quot;slider&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_key&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bwg_transition_duration&quot;:1000,&quot;bwg_trans_in_progress&quot;:false,&quot;data&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;165&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;L. W. Minor, Principal, 1878&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;At the school&amp;#039;s inception, the Texas A&amp;amp;M College Board of Directors were authorized to appoint a &amp;quot;principal teacher&amp;quot; to administer the college under the direction of the Texas A&amp;amp;M president, Thomas S. Gathright, who hired fellow Mississippian L. W. Minor as the first principal. Gathright said of Minor: &amp;quot;a colored man, whom I know well,&amp;quot; On March 11, 1878, eight young men \\u2013 the first of their race to enroll in a state-supported college in Texas \\u2013 enrolled in the short-lived Alta Vista Agricultural College at a tuition of $130 for nine months of instruction, board, and one uniform. Minor only served for one year. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu; &amp;quot;Prairie View, A Study in Public Conscience, 1878-1946,&amp;quot; by George Ruble Woolfolk.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;L.W.-Minor&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/L.W.-Minor.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:11:05&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;251&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;313&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;251&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;313&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;166&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;E.H. Anderson, Principal, 1879 \\u2013 1884 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;A native of Memphis, Tenn., Anderson was a graduate of Fisk University and trained for the Methodist ministry. During his tenure, Prairie View experienced severe financial hardships as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Texas Legislatures debated the constitutionality and funding of the school. With 60 students, the school was overcrowded and did not have a fixed course of study, but toward the end of Anderson&amp;#039;s tenure he was optimistic at the support of the black communities around the state. The A&amp;amp;M College Board of Directors, meeting in Hempstead on August 28, 1879, authorized the teaching of 13 subjects on the elementary and secondary levels.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu; &amp;quot;Prairie View, A Study in Public Conscience, 1878-1946,&amp;quot; by George Ruble Woolfolk.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EH-Anderson2&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EH-Anderson2.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EH-Anderson2.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:16:30&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;167&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Laurine Cecil &amp;quot;L.C.&amp;quot; Anderson, Principal, 1884 \\u2013 1894 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Principal Anderson (1853\\u20131938), like his brother E.H., was born in Memphis, Tenn., attended Fisk, and also trained for the Methodist ministry. He taught at Tuskegee with Booker T. Washington before moving to Texas in 1879 to assist his brother at Prairie View Normal Institute. In 1882, L. C. Anderson lobbied for university status for the school. Upon his brother&amp;#039;s death on October 9, 1885, Anderson succeeded him as principal. During his tenure, Anderson managed a budget of $39,000 and a staff of 11 instructors in what was essentially a normal school program. The grey stone administration building was erected in 1890, and Prairie View became embroiled in an intense and sometimes bitter legislative and political debate over the status and future of the college. The Twentieth Texas Legislature agreed to the attachment of an Agricultural and Mechanical Department to the normal School, and the Hatch Act brought the college a branch of the Experiment Station. Other facilities erected included an academic hall, six cottages for teachers, a brick mechanics shop, and artesian wells. Anderson also helped form and was elected the first president of the Colored Teachers State Association.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Source: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;anderson-laurine-c&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/anderson-laurine-c.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/anderson-laurine-c.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:17:53&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;385&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;560&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;275&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;168&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Edward Lavoisier Blackshear, Principal, 1897 \\u2013 1915 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;   &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;A native of Montgomery, Ala., Blackshear (1862\\u20131919) was the son of slaves, Adlene Pollard and Abram Vandiver. Because his mother was a maid in the main house, he learned to read and write along with the White children of the Pollard family. He attended the first public school for African-American children in Montgomery and the Swayne School and Academy. In 1881, he graduated from Tabor College in Iowa. In 1897, Blackshear was elected principal of the college, and he served until 1915. During his tenure, the curriculum and the physical plant grew significantly. In 1889, the Twenty-sixth Legislature changed the name of the school to Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College, and the new name reflected the expansion of the curriculum. The Twenty-seventh Legislature, in 1901, authorized the school to offer a four-year course of study that included the Academy and Normal School in four Divisions: education, agriculture, home economics and mechanical arts. A diploma and bachelor of science degree were given upon completion of any curriculum. The first three degrees were granted in 1903. New additions to the physical plant during this period included two dormitories for men, Foster Hall and Luckie Hall (1909), Crawford Hall for women (1912), and a combination auditorium\\\/dining hall (1911). Gregorytown School in Austin was renamed Blackshear School in his honor in 1936. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;blackshear-edward-l&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/blackshear-edward-l.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/blackshear-edward-l.jpg?bwg=1616451564&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-22 22:18:53&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;350&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;476&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;294&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;169&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Isaiah Milligan &amp;quot;I.M.&amp;quot; Terrell, Principal, 1915\\u20131918 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;I.M. Terrell (1859\\u20131931), was born near the city of Anderson, in Grimes County, Texas. Terrell was the son of Alexander, a blacksmith, and Nancy (O&amp;#039;Neil) Terrell. He received a private education taught by two missionaries, then graduated from Straight University in New Orleans in 1881 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and later a M.A. Terrell was PV principal during the war years of 1915-1918. During his administration, an agricultural extension service was begun. Plans were implemented for the initiation of college studies leading to the Bachelor degree; vocational education under the Smith Hughes plan was approved for Blacks in the state, and Prairie View was selected as the teacher training institution. Terrell&amp;#039;s period of administration was marked by improvements in both physical development and in programs and services. He converted Foster, Luckie, and Crawford halls into administrative, instructional, and power units. The Household Arts Building and Power and Ice Plant, and the Laundry were erected in 1918. He was an advocate for education. The I. M. Terrell High School in Fort Worth, buildings at Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, and the Houston Negro Hospital (Riverside General Hospital) all stand as monuments of his efforts and achievements.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;IMTerrell-portrait&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/IMTerrell-portrait.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/IMTerrell-portrait.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:51:44&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;207&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;207&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;179&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;J. G. Osborne, Principal, 1918\\u20131925&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The sixth principal of Prairie View was physician J.G. Osborne (1873-1940), a native of Washington County, Texas. During his tenure, the nursing division was established in 1918, and six buildings were added to the campus in 1924 and 1925: a veterinary hospital, science building, college exchange, elementary training school, home economics practice cottage, and music conservatory. The four-year senior college program was begun in 1919 and included training in vocational home economics, vocational agriculture, liberal arts, and mechanical arts. In 1923, Osborne was named the first director for the Prairie View Interscholastic League, the organization that governed academic, athletic, and music competitions for Black high schools in Texas.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: pvamu.edu, pvilca.org&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;J.G.-Osborne-1&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/J.G.-Osborne-1.jpg?bwg=1616472612&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/J.G.-Osborne-1.jpg?bwg=1616472612&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:09:41&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;351&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;434&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;324&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;171&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;W.R. Banks, Principal, 1926-1947 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Willette Rutherford &amp;quot;W.R.&amp;quot; Banks (1881\\u20131969) was a native of Hartwell, Ga., and the second of thirteen children of J. M. and Laura Banks. W.R. Banks was a 1909 graduate of Atlanta University, where he met the two most abiding influences on his life\\u2013W. E. B. DuBois, his role model, and Glovina Virginia Perry, his wife and cultural mentor. Banks became the principal in 1926 and served until his retirement in August of 1947, when he was named principal emeritus. During this period, the physical plant doubled in size with the addition of a dining hall, a hospital, three apartment buildings for male teachers, three dormitories for women, a greenhouse, an incubator house, a classroom building, an NYA resident center, a library, and more than 60 cottages for faculty families. The Senior Academy was discontinued in 1930 and the division of Education was renamed the College of Arts and Sciences with major department in teacher-training. The Division of Graduate Study was organized in 1937, offering Master of Science degrees in agricultural economics, rural education, agricultural education, school administration and supervision, and rural sociology.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Sources: tshaonline.org; pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;WR-Banks&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/WR-Banks.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/WR-Banks.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:53:28&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;131&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;197&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;131&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;197&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;172&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;E.B. Evans, Principal,1947\\u20131948; President 1948\\u20131966&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Kansas City born Dr. Edward Bertram Evans became the eighth principal on September 1, 1947. That same year, the Fiftieth Texas Legislature changed the name of the institution to Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The title of principal of the college was changed to Dean by the Board of Directors effective during the 1947-48 school year. However, on September 1, 1948, the title was changed to President, and on December 3, 1948, Evans, the eighth Principal, was inaugurated as the first President of Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The divisions of the college became schools, and the Directors of the respective schools became Deans.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;New dormitories opened in 1950, 1952, and 1955 among several other new structures, including the Memorial Student Center and Harrington Science Building in 1960 and 1961, respectively, followed by the health and physical education building in 1964 and two air-conditioned dormitories in 1965. Prairie View A&amp;amp;M was accepted for membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in December of 1958 and later received full accreditation by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EB-Evans&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EB-Evans.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EB-Evans.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:54:09&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;321&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;321&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;173&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dr. J.M. Drew, President,1966&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Following the retirement of Dr. E.B. Evans as President Emeritus in 1966, Dr. J.M. Drew was appointed to the position. Dr. Drew became ill shortly after taking office and was replaced by Dr. Evans who served briefly as acting president.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Jesse-M-Drew&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Jesse-M-Drew.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Jesse-M-Drew.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:55:45&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;347&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;430&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;323&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;174&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dr. Alvin I. Thomas, President, 1966\\u20131982&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;A New Orleans native, Dr. Alvin I. Thomas (1925-2013) was the third president of Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College in November 1966, introduced the residential college concept. As Prairie View A&amp;amp;M\\u2019s centennial approached, President Thomas requested a Centennial Planning Council to formulate a new master plan. The result was &amp;quot;A Developmental Plan, 1970-80, Prairie View A&amp;amp;M College of Texas,&amp;quot; an outgrowth of which the school&amp;#039;s name change to Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, and its status as an independent unit of the Texas A&amp;amp;M University System was reconfirmed. The System Board of Regents, in the fall of 1970, sold in excess of $13 million in bonds for the construction of two new residence halls and a dining facility. The residence halls, accommodating 1,500 students, were opened for occupancy in August of 1972. The dining facility, now known as Alumni Hall, was opened in the second semester of the 1972-73 academic year. Other major construction completed during the following decade included the fire and security building, Farrell Hall Laundry, Burleson-Ware ROTC Building, Hobart Taylor Hall, the engineering building, and the Owens-Franklin Health Center. In 1980-81, the state of Texas purchased and renovated a building in the Texas Medical Center complex to be used as clinical nursing center for the College of Nursing. In 1981-82, broadcasting began from newly constructed facilities of FCC-approved KPVU-FM at Prairie View, an instructional laboratory of the Department of Communications. The physical plant, valued at approximately $12 million in 1966, was valued at more than $50 million at this time.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;A.I.-Thomas&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/A.I.-Thomas.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/A.I.-Thomas.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:56:18&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;283&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;283&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;175&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Percy A. Pierre, President, 1983\\u20131989 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;On January 27, 1983, Dr. Percy Anthony Pierre (1939- ), of Welcome, La., was appointed the fourth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. Pierre, an electrical engineer, is recognized as the first African-American Ph.D. in electrical engineering, the first African-American appointed assistant secretary of the U.S. Army for Research and Development, and the first African-American appointed acting Secretary of the Army. For his PV tenure, two new public policy imperatives were extant: The Texas A&amp;amp;M University System\\u2019s commitment to academic excellence, and the state\\u2019s commitment to the enhancement of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University to spur greater integration. These two imperatives resulted in the Target 2000 Report published in May of 1983 and the Texas Plan published in August of 1983. They outlined short-term and long-term courses of development that have and will significantly change Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. The goals outlined were given credibility in November of 1984 by an amendment to the State Constitution that names Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University as an \\u201cinstitution of the first class\\u201d and gives it an equitable share of the proceeds of the Permanent University Fund. For the first time in the 106-year history of the university, the state of Texas agreed to fund Prairie View on the same basis as Texas A&amp;amp;M and the University of Texas. New educational directions were taken in the pursuit of academic excellence through the establishment of the new Roy G. Perry College of Engineering Technology and the Benjamin Banneker Honors College. Among new buildings constructed were the five story John B. Coleman Library, the Agricultural Research Building, the Chemical Engineering Laboratory Building, the Education and Classroom Building, the Engineering Technology Building, the Johnson-Phillip All Faiths Chapel, the Central Receiving and Warehouse buildings, the new Gymnasium, and the Intramural Athletic Complex. Since 1983, PVAMU\\u2019s enrollment increased more than 25 percent, and the university\\u2019s endowment increased from $300,000 to over $3 million.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Percy-Pierre&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Percy-Pierre.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Percy-Pierre.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 03:57:09&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;300&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;423&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;284&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;176&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Julius Wesley Becton, Jr., President, 1989\\u20131994&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;On December 15, 1989, Julius W. Becton, Jr., LTG. (Ret.) was appointed the fifth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University, his alma mater (1960). With nearly 40 years of active commissioned service in the U.S. Army, President Becton was the first graduate of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University to attain star rank in the military. In the first year of his administration, President Becton took steps to improve fiscal operations. In addition, he oversaw the reaffirmation team visit by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and the College of Nursing received a full eight-year accreditation from the National League of Nursing. On August 31, 1994 General Becton\\u2019s retired as President with the distinction of Honorary Doctorate approved by the Board of Regents, Texas A&amp;amp;M University System, became effective. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled.jpg?bwg=1616473530&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Julius-W-Becton-Jr-scaled.jpg?bwg=1616473530&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:01:19&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1291&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;353&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;177&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Charles A. Hines, President, 1994\\u20132002&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Dr. Charles Alfonso Hines (1935-2013) was appointed sixth president of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University in October, 1994, and served the University until 2002. A native of Washington D.C.. he earned a bachelor\\u2019s degree from Howard University. Upon graduation, he entered the Unites States Army, where he served for more than 38 years, retiring with the rank of Major General. During his military career, Hines held many significant command and staff assignments. Additionally, he has earned two master\\u2019s degrees and a PhD from John Hopkins University and completed four executive programs at Harvard University, University of Maryland and University of Texas at Austin. Devoting much of his life to equal opportunity, education and training, advancement of rights for women, race relations and youth, President George W. Bush selected Hines to serve on the HBCU Advisory Committee. He also serves on the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&amp;amp;M University. &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;pvamu.edu&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Dr-Hines&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Dr-Hines.jpg?bwg=1616473570&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Dr-Hines.jpg?bwg=1616473570&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:03:24&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;720&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;280&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;415.5&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;277&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;178&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;George C. Wright, President, 2003\\u20132017 &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Lexington, Ky., native Dr. George C. Wright was the seventh President of Prairie View A&amp;amp;M University. Wright received his history degrees from UK in 1972, his master\\u2019s degree in 1974, and then his doctorate in history from Duke University in 1977. During President Wright\\u2019s tenure, Prairie View A&amp;amp;M\\u2019s enrollment grew from 6,500 to 9,000 while the university advanced academically, creating doctorates in education, engineering, nursing practice and juvenile justice. Both the Confucius Institute and the Honors College were also established under President Wright\\u2019s leadership. The school also enjoyed a construction boom with the opening of: a new School of Architecture building; the Don K. Clark Building, home of the College of Juvenile Justice, Psychology and Texas Crime Prevention Center; the Electrical Engineering building; the College of Nursing\\u2019s 12-story facility located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston; and new football stadium.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;(http:\\\/\\\/sacs.pvamu.edu\\\/assets\\\/library\\\/Wright%20Bio.pdf)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;George-Wright&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/George-Wright.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/George-Wright.jpg?bwg=1616472417&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-03-23 04:04:44&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1232&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1745&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;282&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;}],&quot;width_or_height&quot;:&quot;width&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_thumb_margin_hor&quot;:2,&quot;left_or_top&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;outerWidth_or_outerHeight&quot;:&quot;outerWidth&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_shuffle&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox_filmstrip_thumb_border_width&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;thumb_click_action&quot;:&quot;open_lightbox&quot;,&quot;thumb_link_target&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;upload_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.pvamu.edu\\\/tiphc\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/107\\\/photo-gallery&quot;,&quot;preload_images&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slideshow_effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;event_stack&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;preload_images_count&quot;:2,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;180&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_direction&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_type&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_thumbnails_count&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_width&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_height&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_rl_btn_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_play_pause_btn_size&quot;:&quot;60&quot;,&quot;watermark_type&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_font_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_title_font_size&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;slideshow_description_font_size&quot;:&quot;14&quot;,&quot;bwg_playInterval&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;slideshow_interval&quot;:5,&quot;image_right_click&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_autoplay&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_music&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_filmstrip_pos&quot;:0}\">        <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_watermark_container_1\">          <div>              <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_spun_1\">                <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_text_1 \">                  L. W. Minor, Principal, 1878                <\/div>              <\/span>          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>        <\/div>            <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 #spider_popup_overlay_1 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_1\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_1\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_1\" value=\"698337548\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Prairie View&#8217;s Chief Administrative Officer was first called the &#8220;principal.&#8221; It was not until 1948 that the position was afforded the title &#8220;president&#8221;. E.B. Evans has the distinction of being the only CAO to hold both titles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>As\u00a0described in former PVAMU history professor George Ruble Woolfolks&#8217; 1962 masterwork, &#8220;Prairie View: A Study in Public Conscience, 1878\u20131946 (1962)&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;The control by the A. &amp; M. College Board of the fortunes of the Negro A. &amp; M. was established by statute. The Commissioners originated, by leaving supervision of the property in the hands of Edwin Waller, the policy of having a supervisor over the executive head of the school. The Board itself designated the President of the A. &amp; M. College at College Station the &#8220;President&#8221; of the Negro school. The on-the-spot Negro head of the school was called the &#8216;Principal.'&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>ERA OF PRINCIPALS AS CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS<br \/>\n1878-1948<\/h3>\n<p>These men led the College during those difficult decades as Federal Reconstruction ended and the doctrine of \u201cseparate but equal\u201d emerged with the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision of 1896. The eight principals and their tenures were:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L.W. Minor, 1878<\/li>\n<li>E.H. Anderson, 1879-1884<\/li>\n<li>Laurine C. Anderson, 1884-1894<\/li>\n<li>Edward L. Blackshear, 1895\u00ac1915<\/li>\n<li>Isaiah M. Terrell, 1915-1918<\/li>\n<li>J.G. Osborne, 1918-1925<\/li>\n<li>Paul (Uncle Paul) Bledsoe (Interim Principal), 1925-1962<\/li>\n<li>Willette Rutherford Banks, 1926-1947<\/li>\n<li>Edward B. Evans, 1947-1948<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>ERA OF PRESIDENTS AS CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS<\/h3>\n<h3>1948-Present<\/h3>\n<p>In 1948, the Board of Directors changed the title of the Chief Administrative Officer of the College from Principal to President on December 3, 1948. The Presidents and their tenures are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Edward B. Evans 1948-1966<\/li>\n<li>Jesse M. Drew, 1966<\/li>\n<li>Alvin I. Thomas, 1966-1982<\/li>\n<li>Ivory Nelson (Interim President), June 1982-January 1983<\/li>\n<li>Percy A. Pierre, 1983-1989<\/li>\n<li>Milton R. Bryant (Interim President), June 1989-December 1989<\/li>\n<li>Julius W. Becton, Jr., 1989-1994<\/li>\n<li>Harold S. Bonner (Interim President), August 1994-October 1994<\/li>\n<li>Charles A. Hines, 1994-2002<\/li>\n<li>Willie A. Tempton, Sr. (Interim President), 2002-2003<\/li>\n<li>George C. Wright, 2003-2017<\/li>\n<li>Ruth J. Simmons, 2017-present<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Click the image below to begin a presentation about the principals and presidents. Prairie View&#8217;s Chief Administrative Officer was first called the &#8220;principal.&#8221; It was not until 1948 that the position was afforded the title &#8220;president&#8221;. E.B. Evans has the distinction of being the only CAO to hold both titles. As\u00a0described in former PVAMU history [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":9362,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[1527,359,213,419],"class_list":["post-9364","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9364\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9191,"date":"2021-02-26T16:52:56","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:52:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9191"},"modified":"2021-02-26T16:52:56","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:52:56","slug":"the-black-family-identity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"The Black Family \u2013 Identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>African Roots<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>By John Okello<\/p>\n<p>The identity of the Black Family is a product of time and circumstance but its roots lie in Africa. While Africa\u2019s place as the origin of the Americas black populations is indisputable the historical role of the African family structure, culture, and its subsequent influence on the African American family has been debated by the cultural ethnocentric and cultural relativity schools of thought over the years.<\/p>\n<p>Cultural relativists believe that African Culture helped the black Family\u2019s survival during slavery in the US and influenced the resistance to this inhuman institution&#8217;s racist aftermath. The strong kinship bonds, reverence of extended family units, resilience in the face of adversity, and strong spiritual orientations that have characterized the African family unit survived the ravages of slavery and is evident in the socio-cultural DNA of Black American family units today. The respect for kinship bonds and the extended family can be seen in the reunions and other family-oriented gatherings.<\/p>\n<p>Traditional relations of kinship have affected the lives of African\u00a0people and ethnic groups by determining what land they could farm,\u00a0whom they could marry, and their status in their communities.\u00a0Although different cultures have recognized various kinds of kinship,\u00a0traditional kinship generally means much more than blood ties of a family\u00a0or household. It includes a network of responsibilities, privileges, and\u00a0support in which individuals and families are expected to fill certain\u00a0roles.<\/p>\n<p>Click image to begin slideshow.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-2\">  #bwg_container1_2 {    display: table;\t\/*visibility: hidden;*\/  }  #bwg_container1_2 * {\t  -moz-user-select: none;\t  -khtml-user-select: none;\t  -webkit-user-select: none;\t  -ms-user-select: none;\t  user-select: none;  }  #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg_slideshow_image_wrap_2 {\t  background-color: #000000;\t  width: 800px;\t  height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg_slideshow_image_2 {\t  max-width: 800px;\t  max-height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg_slideshow_embed_2 {    width: 800px;    height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 #bwg_slideshow_play_pause_2 {\t  background: transparent url(\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/plugins\/photo-gallery\/images\/blank.gif\") 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src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/family-descent.jpg?bwg=1614360179\"                               data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/family-descent.jpg?bwg=1614360179\"                               image_id=\"158\"                               alt=\"Family Descent\" \/>                          <\/a>                                                <\/span>                    <\/span>                  <\/span>                <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_second_spun_2\">                  <\/span>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_current_image_key_2\" value=\"0\" \/>                          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>          <\/div>          <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_2 bwg_slideshow_image_container\" 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While Africa\u2019s place as the origin of the Americas black populations is indisputable the historical role of the African family structure, culture, and its subsequent influence on the African American family [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":9189,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"saved","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[857,217,65,1556,216],"class_list":["post-9191","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9191\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9340,"date":"2021-02-26T16:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9340"},"modified":"2023-03-15T12:38:55","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T17:38:55","slug":"the-black-family-sources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-sources\/","title":{"rendered":"The Black Family &#8211; Sources"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>7 Boundary-Breaking Black TV Shows: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/black-tv-shows-culture\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/black-tv-shows-culture<\/a><\/p>\n<p>20 great movies for families to watch in honor of Black History Month \u2013 &#8220;A Raisin In the Sun&#8221;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/life\/allthemoms\/2019\/01\/21\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\/2619269002\/\">https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/life\/allthemoms\/2019\/01\/21\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\/2619269002\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>28 Days, 28 Films for Black History Month: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/02\/01\/movies\/28-essential-films-black-history-month.html?mtrref=www.bing.com&amp;assetType=REGIWALL\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/02\/01\/movies\/28-essential-films-black-history-month.html?mtrref=www.bing.com&amp;assetType=REGIWALL<\/a><\/p>\n<p>African-American Families, Historical And Cultural Influences On African-American Family Life: <a href=\"https:\/\/family.jrank.org\/pages\/58\/African-American-Families-Historical-Cultural-Influences-on-African-American-Family-Life.html\">https:\/\/family.jrank.org\/pages\/58\/African-American-Families-Historical-Cultural-Influences-on-African-American-Family-Life.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>After Slavery, Searching For Loved Ones In Wanted Ads: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2017\/02\/22\/516651689\/after-slavery-searching-for-loved-ones-in-wanted-ads\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2017\/02\/22\/516651689\/after-slavery-searching-for-loved-ones-in-wanted-ads<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Black television through the years: <a href=\"https:\/\/moody.utexas.edu\/news\/black-television-through-years\">https:\/\/moody.utexas.edu\/news\/black-television-through-years<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Black Women&#8217;s Reponses to &#8220;The Color Purple&#8221;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ejumpcut.org\/archive\/onlinessays\/JC33folder\/ClPurpleBobo.html\">https:\/\/www.ejumpcut.org\/archive\/onlinessays\/JC33folder\/ClPurpleBobo.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cultures of West Africa \u2013 West African Religions: https:\/\/www.culturesofwestafrica.com\/west-african-religion\/<\/p>\n<p>Ebony and Jet are our black family photo albums: Ebony and jet are our black family photo albums: <a href=\"https:\/\/theundefeated.com\/features\/ebony-and-jet-are-our-black-family-photo-albums\/\">https:\/\/theundefeated.com\/features\/ebony-and-jet-are-our-black-family-photo-albums\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Enslaved Couples Faced Wrenching Separations, or Even Choosing Family Over Freedom: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/african-american-slavery-marriage-family-separation\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/african-american-slavery-marriage-family-separation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Film Review: Denzel Washington and Viola Davis in &#8216;Fences&#8221;: <a href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2016\/film\/reviews\/fences-review-denzel-washington-1201921332\/\">https:\/\/variety.com\/2016\/film\/reviews\/fences-review-denzel-washington-1201921332\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Hopeful, Heartbreaking Ads Placed by Formerly Enslaved People in Search of Lost Family: <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/human-interest\/2015\/07\/history-of-slavery-newspaper-ads-used-to-find-family-after-emancipation.html\">https:\/\/slate.com\/human-interest\/2015\/07\/history-of-slavery-newspaper-ads-used-to-find-family-after-emancipation.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>How African American folklore saved the cultural memory and history of slaves: <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-african-american-folklore-saved-the-cultural-memory-and-history-of-slaves-98427\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-african-american-folklore-saved-the-cultural-memory-and-history-of-slaves-98427<\/a><\/p>\n<p>How Oscar Micheaux Challenged the Racism of Early Hollywood: <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-oscar-micheaux-challenged-the-racism-of-early-hollywood\/\">https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-oscar-micheaux-challenged-the-racism-of-early-hollywood\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>How Slavery Affected African American Families: <a href=\"http:\/\/nationalhumanitiescenter.org\/tserve\/freedom\/1609-1865\/essays\/aafamilies.htm\">http:\/\/nationalhumanitiescenter.org\/tserve\/freedom\/1609-1865\/essays\/aafamilies.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kinship: <a href=\"https:\/\/geography.name\/kinship\/#:~:text=Patrilineal%20descent%20emphasizes%20the%20male,is%20common%20among%20pastoral%20societies.&amp;text=Societies%20with%20matrilineal%20social%20organization%20are%20not%20necessarily%20ruled%20by%20women.\">https:\/\/geography.name\/kinship\/#:~:text=Patrilineal%20descent%20emphasizes%20the%20male,is%20common%20among%20pastoral%20societies.&amp;text=Societies%20with%20matrilineal%20social%20organization%20are%20not%20necessarily%20ruled%20by%20women.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lesson 2: The Cultures of West Africa: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/ms_mcmanus\/lesson-2-the-cultures-of-west-africa-12580527\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/ms_mcmanus\/lesson-2-the-cultures-of-west-africa-12580527<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Love empowered slaves to flee for freedom: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afrigeneas.com\/forum\/test.cgi\/md\/read\/id\/85497\/sbj\/love-empowered-slaves-to-flee-for-freedom\/\">https:\/\/www.afrigeneas.com\/forum\/test.cgi\/md\/read\/id\/85497\/sbj\/love-empowered-slaves-to-flee-for-freedom\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Newspaper Ads Show Freed Slaves\u2019 Desperate Search for Lost Relatives: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.voanews.com\/all-about-america\/2016\/04\/04\/newspaper-ads-show-freed-slaves-desperate-search-for-lost-relatives\/\">https:\/\/blogs.voanews.com\/all-about-america\/2016\/04\/04\/newspaper-ads-show-freed-slaves-desperate-search-for-lost-relatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;River Bend Reunion,&#8221; by John Holyfield: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.holyfieldstudio.com\/river-bend-reunion.html\">http:\/\/www.holyfieldstudio.com\/river-bend-reunion.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Slavery cost him his family. That\u2019s when Henry \u2018Box\u2019 Brown mailed himself to freedom:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2019\/12\/28\/slavery-cost-him-his-family-thats-when-henry-box-brown-mailed-himself-freedom\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2019\/12\/28\/slavery-cost-him-his-family-thats-when-henry-box-brown-mailed-himself-freedom\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8216;The Slaves Dread New Year&#8217;s Day the Worst&#8217;: The Grim History of January 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5750833\/new-years-day-slavery-history\/\">https:\/\/time.com\/5750833\/new-years-day-slavery-history\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Winnie &#8220;Winny&#8221; Brush Shankle: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/memorial\/196734931\/winnie-shankle\">https:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/memorial\/196734931\/winnie-shankle<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":9189,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[64,65,59,2775,2511,118,216,1305,1946,2352],"class_list":["post-9340","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9340"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9340\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9203,"date":"2021-02-26T16:51:51","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9203"},"modified":"2021-02-26T16:51:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:51:51","slug":"the-black-family-perception","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-perception\/","title":{"rendered":"The Black Family &#8211; Perception"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"width:100%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>The first black sitcom originated from a radio program, &#8220;Amos \u2018n\u2019 Andy,&#8221; in which two white men portrayed the characters, acting as what they thought to be poor and black.\u201d When adapted to television, \u201cit was the first show to have an all-black cast, to talk about the black community, but it was obviously still othered.<\/p>\n<p>The first Black person on TV may have been Broadway star Ethel Waters, who hosted a one-off variety show on NBC on June 14, 1939, when television was still being developed. The medium evolved over the next decade as TVs became a household fixture, but roles for Black actors did not, with most being relegated to playing servants or providing comic relief.<\/p>\n<p>Waters herself would make history in 1950 as the first African American to star in a show, Beulah, a sitcom about a maid serving a bungling white family, who got her employers out of scrapes in every episode. But the show, like its contemporary, Amos and Andy, relied heavily on caricatures of Black characters for laughs.<\/p>\n<p>It wasn\u2019t until the 1970s where you see television come to fruition talking about real social issues, and particularly it comes to black television shows in the 70s. Sitcoms like Sanford and Son, Good Times and The Jeffersons look at black communities and do a better job of showing them in a realistic light. 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id=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_3\"         class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_3\"         data-params='{&quot;bwg_source&quot;:&quot;slider&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_key&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bwg_transition_duration&quot;:1000,&quot;bwg_trans_in_progress&quot;:false,&quot;data&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;164&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ebony And Jet&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;\\u2018Ebony\\u2019 and \\u2018Jet\\u2019 are our black family photo album&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Ebony was never just about journalism, not in that detached, just-the-facts way of the so-called mainstream media. It was the black family album, thick and glossy, where we got to see ourselves in all our glory, from Sammy Davis Jr. to Sidney Poitier, from Billie Holiday to Lena Horne. Ebony \\u2014 and Jet \\u2014 always took a side. Our side. Jet was where you got the news about black lives. Ebony was where you went to see black achievement, to see black lives celebrated.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;ebony-and-jet&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 18:03:57&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1400&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;932&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;399&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Oscar Micheaux&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The first major Black director and filmmaker, Oscar Micheaux&amp;#039;s movies covered a wide range of topics relative to African Americans in the genre of &amp;quot;race films,&amp;quot; movies produced for Black audiences, featuring black casts. Between 1915 and the early 1950s, approximately five hundred race films were produced, more than 40 by Micheaux.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Oscar-Micheaux-1&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Oscar-Micheaux-1.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Oscar-Micheaux-1.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:49:49&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;521&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;307&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;149&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Oscar Micheaux Films&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Oscar-micheaux-films&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Oscar-micheaux-films.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Oscar-micheaux-films.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:49:16&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;419&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;239&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;148&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Color Purple&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Alice Walker&amp;#039;s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel drew several Oscar nominations, however the work&amp;#039;s representation of the Black family was also viewed as harmful, and its depiction of Black men as savage and brutal. The epic tale spans forty years in the life of Celie, a Black woman living in the South who survives incredible abuse and bigotry. After her abusive father marries her off to the equally debasing &amp;quot;Mister&amp;quot; Albert Johnson, things go from bad to worse, leaving Celie to find companionship anywhere she can. She perseveres, holding on to her dream of one day being reunited with her sister in Africa.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Color-purple_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Color-purple_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358132&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Color-purple_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358132&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:48:27&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1812&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;265&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;147&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Fences&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;James Earl Jones, &amp;quot;Fences&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;The Pulitzer Prize-winning drama by August Wilson, was written in 1983 and had its premiere on Broadway in 1987. But the play is set in a lower-middle-class black section of Pittsburgh in the mid-1950s with the lead character a bedraggled patriarch with a backbone of pride that rules and defines him. \\u201cFences\\u201d is an anguished family drama forged out of an exotically old-fashioned sense of destiny. \\u2013 Variety &quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Fences_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Fences_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358097&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Fences_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358097&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:47:35&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1024&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;804&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;509&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;146&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Daughter Of The Dust&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The New York Times referred to the 1991 film as a &amp;quot;masterpiece&amp;quot; by director Julie Dash, and a &amp;quot;a ravishingly beautiful work of historical reconstruction and feminist imagination. Set on the Sea Islands off the southeastern United States in the early 20th century, the film is a multigenerational matriarchal epic about the preservation of memory and the necessity of change in the Gullah culture, former West African slaves who adopted many of their ancestors&amp;#039; Yoruba traditions.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357910&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357910&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:44:41&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1728&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;270&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;145&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Raisin In The Sun&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Ruby Dee and Sidney Poitier&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Credit: Columbia\\\/The Kobal Collection&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;https:\\\/\\\/www.usatoday.com\\\/story\\\/life\\\/allthemoms\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/21\\\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\\\/2619269002\\\/  &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Lorraine Hansberry&amp;#039;s award-winning 1959 eponymous Broadway play was also adapted for a 1961 movie starring Sidney Poitier and Ruby Dee portraying an African-American family living in Chicago and working for a better way of life amid poverty and racism and disagree on how to distance themselves from both. The classic film, which was selected for the Library of Congress&amp;#039; National Film Registry in 2005. The play&amp;#039;s title is from a line in Langston Hughes&amp;#039; poem, &amp;quot;Harlem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;raisin-in-the-sun_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/raisin-in-the-sun_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357852&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/raisin-in-the-sun_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357852&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:43:30&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1320&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;996&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;530&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;144&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Guess Whos Coming To Dinner&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;(L-R) Sidney Poitier, Spencer Tracy, Katherine Hepburn.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Credit: George Eastman House&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;https:\\\/\\\/www.usatoday.com\\\/story\\\/life\\\/allthemoms\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/21\\\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\\\/2619269002\\\/ &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;The 1967 comedic drama made waves when it was released as it was among the first films to depict interracial marriage in a positive light. It came out the same year that the Supreme Court issued Loving v. Virginia, which struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage. &quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner.jpg?bwg=1614357300&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner.jpg?bwg=1614357300&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:32:58&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;660&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;502&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;526&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;143&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ethel Waters&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Ethel Waters was the first African American to star in a TV sitcom show, &amp;quot;Beulah.&amp;quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EthelWaters-scaled&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EthelWaters-scaled.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EthelWaters-scaled.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:16:31&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1668&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;391&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;142&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Beulah Show&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Beulah-show2&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Beulah-show2.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Beulah-show2.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:15:28&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;373&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;524&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;285&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;141&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Cosby Show&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;It was the biggest TV hit of the 1980s, often credited with reviving the sitcom genre. Show creator, Bill Cosby anchored the show as the playfully wise Heathcliff Huxtable, patriarch of a large, well-off Brooklyn family. The Cosby Show brilliantly gave a wide audience a deep look at African American family life, culture and history, in between the laughs\\u2014all while being relatable to a wide audience.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;cosby-show&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/cosby-show.jpg?bwg=1614330888&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/cosby-show.jpg?bwg=1614330888&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:14:03&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;630&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;210&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;140&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The Jeffersons&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The cast of The Jeffersons, Berlinda Tolbert, Sherman Hemsley, Isabel Sanford, Franklin Cover, Roxie Roker and Marla Gibbs&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;It began as a spinoff of All in the Family, but The Jeffersons ended up as the longest-running TV show ever featuring a mostly Black cast, spanning 11 seasons. George Jefferson (Sherman Hemsley) moves his family from Queens to a Manhattan high rise after building a successful dry cleaning business. Through George\\u2019s unapologetically confrontational personality, the show offered sharp commentary on race issues. It was also the first to feature an interracial couple (neighbors Helen and Tom Willis) prominently.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Jeffersons&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Jeffersons.jpg?bwg=1614329267&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Jeffersons.jpg?bwg=1614329267&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 08:47:01&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;918&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;523&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;139&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Good Times&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot; (1974-1979)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;The Cast of Good Times: John Amos, Jimmie Walker (both seated), Ralph Carter, BernNadette Stanis, Ja&amp;#039;net DuBois, and Esther Rolle. (CBS Photo Archive\\\/Getty Images)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;This sitcom, set in the Chicago housing projects, shone a light on the reality of many who were struggling to get by. But at the heart of the show was the strong bond shared by the Evans family. Episodes showed how the family members stuck by each other in the face of unemployment, crime, racial bigotry and loss.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;good-times&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/good-times.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/good-times.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 08:35:57&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;994&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1024&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;388&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;138&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Julia &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;(1968-1971)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Diahann Carroll as Julia, Marc Copage, as her son Corey&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Broadway star Diahann Carroll became the first African American woman to receive an Emmy nomination in 1969, for her role as a widowed middle-class nurse raising a small son in the suburbs. Although the sitcom, which largely avoided tackling social and racial topics, was lambasted at the time by critics who said it did not reflect the lives of most Black Americans, Julia is now nevertheless considered groundbreaking.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Julia_DiahannCarroll&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Julia_DiahannCarroll.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Julia_DiahannCarroll.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 08:34:58&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;350&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;492&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;285&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;}],&quot;width_or_height&quot;:&quot;width&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_thumb_margin_hor&quot;:2,&quot;left_or_top&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;outerWidth_or_outerHeight&quot;:&quot;outerWidth&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_shuffle&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox_filmstrip_thumb_border_width&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;thumb_click_action&quot;:&quot;open_lightbox&quot;,&quot;thumb_link_target&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;upload_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.pvamu.edu\\\/tiphc\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/107\\\/photo-gallery&quot;,&quot;preload_images&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slideshow_effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;event_stack&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;preload_images_count&quot;:2,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;180&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_direction&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_type&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_thumbnails_count&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_width&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_height&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_rl_btn_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_play_pause_btn_size&quot;:&quot;60&quot;,&quot;watermark_type&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_font_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_title_font_size&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;slideshow_description_font_size&quot;:&quot;14&quot;,&quot;bwg_playInterval&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;slideshow_interval&quot;:5,&quot;image_right_click&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_autoplay&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_music&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_filmstrip_pos&quot;:0}'         data-filmstrip-position=\"top\"         data-filmstrip-size=\"0\">      <div class=\"bwg_slide_container_3\">        <div class=\"bwg_slide_bg_3\">          <div class=\"bwg_slider_3\">                            <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun_3\" id=\"image_id_3_164\">                    <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun1_3\">                      <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_spun2_3\">                                                  <a  class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690\" data-image-id=\"164\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                          <img decoding=\"async\" id=\"bwg_slideshow_image_3\"                               class=\"skip-lazy bwg_slide bwg_slideshow_image_3 \"                               src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690\"                               data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690\"                               image_id=\"164\"                               alt=\"Ebony And Jet\" \/>                          <\/a>                                                <\/span>                    <\/span>                  <\/span>                <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_second_spun_3\">                  <\/span>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_current_image_key_3\" value=\"0\" \/>                          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>          <\/div>          <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_3 bwg_slideshow_image_container\" data-params=\"{&quot;bwg_source&quot;:&quot;slider&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_key&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bwg_transition_duration&quot;:1000,&quot;bwg_trans_in_progress&quot;:false,&quot;data&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;164&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ebony And Jet&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;\\u2018Ebony\\u2019 and \\u2018Jet\\u2019 are our black family photo album&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Ebony was never just about journalism, not in that detached, just-the-facts way of the so-called mainstream media. It was the black family album, thick and glossy, where we got to see ourselves in all our glory, from Sammy Davis Jr. to Sidney Poitier, from Billie Holiday to Lena Horne. Ebony \\u2014 and Jet \\u2014 always took a side. Our side. Jet was where you got the news about black lives. Ebony was where you went to see black achievement, to see black lives celebrated.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;ebony-and-jet&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/ebony-and-jet.jpg?bwg=1614362690&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 18:03:57&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1400&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;932&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;399&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;150&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Oscar Micheaux&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The first major Black director and filmmaker, Oscar Micheaux&amp;#039;s movies covered a wide range of topics relative to African Americans in the genre of &amp;quot;race films,&amp;quot; movies produced for Black audiences, featuring black casts. Between 1915 and the early 1950s, approximately five hundred race films were produced, more than 40 by Micheaux.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Oscar-Micheaux-1&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Oscar-Micheaux-1.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Oscar-Micheaux-1.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:49:49&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;521&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;307&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;149&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Oscar Micheaux Films&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Oscar-micheaux-films&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Oscar-micheaux-films.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Oscar-micheaux-films.jpg?bwg=1614358210&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:49:16&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;419&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;239&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;148&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Color Purple&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Alice Walker&amp;#039;s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel drew several Oscar nominations, however the work&amp;#039;s representation of the Black family was also viewed as harmful, and its depiction of Black men as savage and brutal. The epic tale spans forty years in the life of Celie, a Black woman living in the South who survives incredible abuse and bigotry. After her abusive father marries her off to the equally debasing &amp;quot;Mister&amp;quot; Albert Johnson, things go from bad to worse, leaving Celie to find companionship anywhere she can. She perseveres, holding on to her dream of one day being reunited with her sister in Africa.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Color-purple_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Color-purple_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358132&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Color-purple_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358132&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:48:27&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1812&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;265&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;147&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Fences&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;James Earl Jones, &amp;quot;Fences&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;The Pulitzer Prize-winning drama by August Wilson, was written in 1983 and had its premiere on Broadway in 1987. But the play is set in a lower-middle-class black section of Pittsburgh in the mid-1950s with the lead character a bedraggled patriarch with a backbone of pride that rules and defines him. \\u201cFences\\u201d is an anguished family drama forged out of an exotically old-fashioned sense of destiny. \\u2013 Variety &quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Fences_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Fences_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358097&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Fences_(1).jpg?bwg=1614358097&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:47:35&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1024&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;804&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;509&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;146&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Daughter Of The Dust&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The New York Times referred to the 1991 film as a &amp;quot;masterpiece&amp;quot; by director Julie Dash, and a &amp;quot;a ravishingly beautiful work of historical reconstruction and feminist imagination. Set on the Sea Islands off the southeastern United States in the early 20th century, the film is a multigenerational matriarchal epic about the preservation of memory and the necessity of change in the Gullah culture, former West African slaves who adopted many of their ancestors&amp;#039; Yoruba traditions.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357910&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/daughter-of-the-dust-scaled_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357910&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:44:41&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1728&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;270&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;145&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Raisin In The Sun&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Ruby Dee and Sidney Poitier&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Credit: Columbia\\\/The Kobal Collection&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;https:\\\/\\\/www.usatoday.com\\\/story\\\/life\\\/allthemoms\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/21\\\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\\\/2619269002\\\/  &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Lorraine Hansberry&amp;#039;s award-winning 1959 eponymous Broadway play was also adapted for a 1961 movie starring Sidney Poitier and Ruby Dee portraying an African-American family living in Chicago and working for a better way of life amid poverty and racism and disagree on how to distance themselves from both. The classic film, which was selected for the Library of Congress&amp;#039; National Film Registry in 2005. The play&amp;#039;s title is from a line in Langston Hughes&amp;#039; poem, &amp;quot;Harlem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;raisin-in-the-sun_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/raisin-in-the-sun_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357852&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/raisin-in-the-sun_(1).jpg?bwg=1614357852&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:43:30&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1320&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;996&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;530&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;144&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Guess Whos Coming To Dinner&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;(L-R) Sidney Poitier, Spencer Tracy, Katherine Hepburn.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Credit: George Eastman House&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;https:\\\/\\\/www.usatoday.com\\\/story\\\/life\\\/allthemoms\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/21\\\/great-black-history-movies-watch-with-families-kids\\\/2619269002\\\/ &amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;The 1967 comedic drama made waves when it was released as it was among the first films to depict interracial marriage in a positive light. It came out the same year that the Supreme Court issued Loving v. Virginia, which struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage. &quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner.jpg?bwg=1614357300&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Guess-whos-coming-to-dinner.jpg?bwg=1614357300&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 16:32:58&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;660&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;502&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;526&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;143&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ethel Waters&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Ethel Waters was the first African American to star in a TV sitcom show, &amp;quot;Beulah.&amp;quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;EthelWaters-scaled&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/EthelWaters-scaled.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/EthelWaters-scaled.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:16:31&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;2560&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1668&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;391&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;142&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Beulah Show&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Beulah-show2&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Beulah-show2.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Beulah-show2.jpg?bwg=1614331168&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:15:28&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;373&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;524&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;285&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;141&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Cosby Show&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;It was the biggest TV hit of the 1980s, often credited with reviving the sitcom genre. Show creator, Bill Cosby anchored the show as the playfully wise Heathcliff Huxtable, patriarch of a large, well-off Brooklyn family. The Cosby Show brilliantly gave a wide audience a deep look at African American family life, culture and history, in between the laughs\\u2014all while being relatable to a wide audience.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;cosby-show&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/cosby-show.jpg?bwg=1614330888&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/cosby-show.jpg?bwg=1614330888&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 09:14:03&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;630&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;210&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;140&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The Jeffersons&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;The cast of The Jeffersons, Berlinda Tolbert, Sherman Hemsley, Isabel Sanford, Franklin Cover, Roxie Roker and Marla Gibbs&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;It began as a spinoff of All in the Family, but The Jeffersons ended up as the longest-running TV show ever featuring a mostly Black cast, spanning 11 seasons. George Jefferson (Sherman Hemsley) moves his family from Queens to a Manhattan high rise after building a successful dry cleaning business. Through George\\u2019s unapologetically confrontational personality, the show offered sharp commentary on race issues. 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(CBS Photo Archive\\\/Getty Images)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;This sitcom, set in the Chicago housing projects, shone a light on the reality of many who were struggling to get by. But at the heart of the show was the strong bond shared by the Evans family. Episodes showed how the family members stuck by each other in the face of unemployment, crime, racial bigotry and loss.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;good-times&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/good-times.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/good-times.jpg?bwg=1614328574&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 08:35:57&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;994&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1024&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;388&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;138&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Julia &quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;(1968-1971)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Diahann Carroll as Julia, Marc Copage, as her son Corey&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;Broadway star Diahann Carroll became the first African American woman to receive an Emmy nomination in 1969, for her role as a widowed middle-class nurse raising a small son in the suburbs. 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in which two white men portrayed the characters, acting as what they thought to be poor and black.\u201d When adapted to television, \u201cit was the first show to have an all-black cast, to talk about the black community, but it was obviously still [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":9189,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"saved","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[232,986,1059,307],"class_list":["post-9203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9203\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":9269,"date":"2021-02-26T16:51:19","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/?page_id=9269"},"modified":"2021-02-26T16:51:19","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T22:51:19","slug":"the-black-family-endurance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/exhibits\/online-exhibits\/the-black-family-identity-endurance-perception\/the-black-family-endurance\/","title":{"rendered":"The Black Family &#8211; Endurance"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Enslavement<\/h2>\n<p>In some critical ways, the slavery that marked everything about their lives made these families very different. Belonging to another human being brought unique constrictions, disruptions, frustrations, and pain.<\/p>\n<p>Slavery not only inhibited family formation but made stable, secure family life difficult if not impossible. Enslaved people could not legally marry in any American colony or state. Colonial and state laws considered them property and commodities, not legal persons who could enter into contracts, and marriage was, and is, very much a legal contract. This means that until 1865 when slavery ended in this country, the vast majority of African Americans could not legally marry. In northern states such as New York, Pennsylvania, or Massachusetts, where slavery had ended by 1830, free African Americans could marry, but in the slave states of the South, many enslaved people entered into relationships that they treated like a marriage; they considered themselves husbands and wives even though they knew that their unions were not protected by state laws.\u00a0 <em>&#8212; Heather Andrea Williams, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Humanities Center Fellow<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Click image to begin slide show.<\/p>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-4\">  #bwg_container1_4 {    display: table;\t\/*visibility: hidden;*\/  }  #bwg_container1_4 * {\t  -moz-user-select: none;\t  -khtml-user-select: none;\t  -webkit-user-select: none;\t  -ms-user-select: none;\t  user-select: none;  }  #bwg_container1_4 #bwg_container2_4 .bwg_slideshow_image_wrap_4 {\t  background-color: #000000;\t  width: 800px;\t  height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_4 #bwg_container2_4 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Editor&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;After emancipation, many freedpeople used newspaper advertisements to try to contact their family members.\\u00a0The\\u00a0Southwestern Christian Advocate, a Black newspaper,\\u00a0was distributed to about 500 preachers, 800 post offices and 4,000 subscribers in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas.\\u00a0The newspaper started running its \\u201cLost Friends\\u201d columns in 1877 and continued doing so \\u201cwell into the first decade of the twentieth century.\\u201d&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;dear-editor&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/dear-editor.jpg?bwg=1614359663&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/dear-editor.jpg?bwg=1614359663&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:14:08&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1378&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;290&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;154&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Slavery Family Seperation&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;circa 1830: A slave auction in America. 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src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/lost-friends.jpg?bwg=1614359777\"                               data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/photo-gallery\/imported_from_media_libray\/lost-friends.jpg?bwg=1614359777\"                               image_id=\"157\"                               alt=\"Lost Friends\" \/>                          <\/a>                                                <\/span>                    <\/span>                  <\/span>                <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_second_spun_4\">                  <\/span>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_current_image_key_4\" value=\"0\" \/>                          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>          <\/div>          <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_image_container_4 bwg_slideshow_image_container\" 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century.\\u201d&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;lost-friends&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/lost-friends.jpg?bwg=1614359777&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/lost-friends.jpg?bwg=1614359777&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:15:33&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1374&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;291&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;156&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;St. Pauls Church Galveston&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;After emancipation, many freedpeople used newspaper advertisements to try to contact their family members.\\u00a0The\\u00a0Southwestern Christian Advocate, a Black newspaper,\\u00a0was distributed to about 500 preachers, 800 post offices and 4,000 subscribers in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas.\\u00a0The newspaper started running its \\u201cLost Friends\\u201d columns in 1877 and continued doing so \\u201cwell into the first decade of the twentieth century.\\u201d&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;st.-pauls-church-galveston&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/st.-pauls-church-galveston.jpg?bwg=1614359710&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/st.-pauls-church-galveston.jpg?bwg=1614359710&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:14:48&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1200&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;2451&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;196&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;155&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dear Editor&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;After emancipation, many freedpeople used newspaper advertisements to try to contact their family members.\\u00a0The\\u00a0Southwestern Christian Advocate, a Black newspaper,\\u00a0was distributed to about 500 preachers, 800 post offices and 4,000 subscribers in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas.\\u00a0The newspaper started running its \\u201cLost Friends\\u201d columns in 1877 and continued doing so \\u201cwell into the first decade of the twentieth century.\\u201d&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;dear-editor&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/dear-editor.jpg?bwg=1614359663&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/dear-editor.jpg?bwg=1614359663&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:14:08&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;1378&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;290&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;154&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Slavery Family Seperation&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;circa 1830: A slave auction in America. (Photo by Rischgitz\\\/Getty Images)&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;In the African-American community, New Year\\u2019s Day used to be widely known as \\u201cHiring Day\\u201d \\u2014 or \\u201cHeartbreak Day,\\u201d as the African-American abolitionist journalist William Cooper Nell described it \\u2014 because enslaved people spent New Year\\u2019s Eve waiting, wondering if their owners were going to rent them out to someone else, thus potentially splitting up their families.&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;Slavery-Family-Seperation&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/Slavery-Family-Seperation.jpg?bwg=1614359614&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/Slavery-Family-Seperation.jpg?bwg=1614359614&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:12:56&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;1024&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;576&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;338&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;153&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;John Little&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;When John Little and his ailing wife escaped from slavery, Little was still healing from beatings that had torn his back to shreds. That didn&amp;#039;t stop him from carrying his wife to freedom. He jumped over a fence with Eliza on his shoulders and then ran for a quarter of a mile, ignoring his pain. The couple&amp;#039;s greatest challenge came when they crossed Ohio&amp;#039;s Scioto River without a boat.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The water was black and deep,&amp;quot; Little later told a researcher. &amp;quot;I bound our package on my wife&amp;#039;s back, placed her on a log as a man rides on horseback, and I swam, pushing the log, holding it steady to keep her up. Had the log turned right or left, she would have slipped off. \\u2026 It would have been death sure \\u2014 but worse than death was behind us, and to avoid that we risked our lives \\u2026&amp;quot;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;john-little_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/john-little_(1).jpg?bwg=1614359102&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/john-little_(1).jpg?bwg=1614359102&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:04:52&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;449&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;570&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;400&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;152&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Boxcar Brown&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Henry Brown was devasted over the sale of his wife and three children, in 1849: &amp;quot;When at last we were obliged to part, the look of mutual love which we exchanged was all the token which we could give each other that we should yet meet in heaven.&amp;quot; So, Brown fled Richmond, Virginia, via a custom-made dry goods box that was only big enough to hold his six-foot, 200-pound frame curled up into a fetal position. 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Jim ran away from his owner and traveled by night, foraged for food, swam streams (including the Mississippi River), walking out of sight the 400 miles to East Texas. At dusk one day he found Winnie beside her master\\u2019s spring. After slipping out food for several days, Winnie told her master, who arranged to buy Jim. After emancipation, the couple founded the prosperous freedom colony Shankleville.&amp;lt;br \\\/&amp;gt;&quot;,&quot;filetype&quot;:&quot;jpeg&quot;,&quot;filename&quot;:&quot;winnie-shankle_(1)&quot;,&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/winnie-shankle_(1).jpeg?bwg=1614359028&quot;,&quot;thumb_url&quot;:&quot;\\\/imported_from_media_libray\\\/thumb\\\/winnie-shankle_(1).jpeg?bwg=1614359028&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-02-26 17:03:19&quot;,&quot;is_embed&quot;:false,&quot;is_embed_video&quot;:false,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;358&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;358&quot;}],&quot;width_or_height&quot;:&quot;width&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_thumb_margin_hor&quot;:2,&quot;left_or_top&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;outerWidth_or_outerHeight&quot;:&quot;outerWidth&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_shuffle&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox_filmstrip_thumb_border_width&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;thumb_click_action&quot;:&quot;open_lightbox&quot;,&quot;thumb_link_target&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;upload_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.pvamu.edu\\\/tiphc\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/107\\\/photo-gallery&quot;,&quot;preload_images&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slideshow_effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;event_stack&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;preload_images_count&quot;:2,&quot;image_width&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;image_height&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;thumb_width&quot;:&quot;180&quot;,&quot;thumb_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;filmstrip_direction&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_type&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_thumbnails_count&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_width&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_height&quot;:0,&quot;slideshow_filmstrip_rl_btn_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_play_pause_btn_size&quot;:&quot;60&quot;,&quot;watermark_type&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_height&quot;:&quot;90&quot;,&quot;watermark_font_size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;slideshow_title_font_size&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;slideshow_description_font_size&quot;:&quot;14&quot;,&quot;bwg_playInterval&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;slideshow_interval&quot;:5,&quot;image_right_click&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_autoplay&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;enable_slideshow_music&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;bwg_current_filmstrip_pos&quot;:0}\">        <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_watermark_container_4\">          <div>              <span class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_spun_4\">                <div class=\"bwg_slideshow_title_text_4 \">                  Lost Friends                <\/div>              <\/span>          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>        <\/div>            <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_4 #bwg_container2_4 #spider_popup_overlay_4 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_4\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_4\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_4\" value=\"1094612423\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_4\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_4\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_4\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_4\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enslavement In some critical ways, the slavery that marked everything about their lives made these families very different. Belonging to another human being brought unique constrictions, disruptions, frustrations, and pain. Slavery not only inhibited family formation but made stable, secure family life difficult if not impossible. Enslaved people could not legally marry in any American [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2108,"featured_media":0,"parent":9189,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"saved","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[],"footnotes":""},"yst_prominent_words":[857,507,5938,2829,2828,2511,2727,2945,940,216,434,733],"class_list":["post-9269","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9269"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9269\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pvamu.edu\/tiphc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=9269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]